The basis of conventional lightning protection technology. Introduction lightning is the most frequent cause of overvoltages on distribution systems. A lightning arrester is essentially a collection of billions of microscopic junctions of metal oxide grains that turn on and off in microseconds to form a current path from the top terminal to the ground terminal of the arrester. Types of lightning arresters for outdoor application. Design of lightning arresters for electrical power systems. Each type of electrical equipment has a standard bil. Lightning arrester ratings the rating of a lightning arrester is given below, normal or rated voltage. Jul 22, 2019 since then there has been significant improvements in different types of bulbs and their efficiencies. Today, i will explain the different types of lightning protection systems lps. They differ only in constructional details but operate the same principle viz. It is placed very near to the equipment and when the lightning occurs the arrester diverts the high voltage wave of lightning to the ground. Other designs of lightning arresters use a glowdischarge tube essentially like a.
Simple surge protection 07 lightning protection, surge. Types of lightning protection systems lps electrical knowhow. Station type valve lightning arrester this type of valve is mainly employed for the protection of the critical power equipment in the circuit of 2. Difference between surge arrester, lightning arrester and. A tla is manufactured and certified the same way as a standard arrester, but its application is different. Conventional lightning protection system conventional. I have made a short overview over different types of lightning. Second type is originated from electrical system itself, such as switching surges. Lv and mv arresters will indeed be more oriented towards the lightning protection, while hv arresters will also protect against switching surges. Surge arrester is used to protect the circuit or electrical equipment from high voltage transient or electrical surges. A surge arrestor, on the other hand, works to mitigate specific types of surges. General information on each of these marks is provided below.
Desigr ers thought that protection was not necessary in many cases because the antenna mast was relatively short 10 meters or less. Countless new products over the years, such as the first connectable type 2 surge protection device with vde test mark, or the first connectable type 1 lightning current arrester. To mitigate backflash, the arrester conducts the lightning. The catalogues list the available standard arresters from abb of porcelainhoused arresters type exlim and silicone polymerhoused arresters, type. Types of lightning arresters the lightning arrester protects the electrical equipment from lightning. Several popular types of lightning arresters are available. In addition to these the most commonly used lightning arrester for over voltage protection nowadays gapless zno lightning arrester is also used. The advantage of this is that you can download the correct, uptodate.
There are many arrestor types used against lightning hazards. Having both gaps and sic blocks, the arrester height increased to the point where it was difficult to vent the pressure builtup during a fault, which limited the arrester s pressure relief rating. It is consisting of two metal rods in the shape of horn and separated by a small air gap. A lightning arrester alternative spelling lightning arrestor also called lightning diverter is a. Jun 24, 2018 surge diverter lightning arrester types. This coordination is obtained by having an arrester. Arresterfacts 012 r4 understanding the arrester energy. Its easiest to think of an arrestor and this goes for a lightning arrestor as well as a form of protection from external problems, such as those caused by lighting or power grid complications. Pdf in order to effectively reduce lightning stroke outage rate, effect of lightning. Lab test data of metaloxide arrester discharge voltage and currents available to the. Pdf application and analysis for surge arrester on lightning. It consist two rod electrodes, one of which is connected to the line and other to earth. Modern electrical systems tend to be vulnerable to voltage surges of any kind, so arresters have become more necessary. Lightning arrester lightning arrester types types of.
Apply in modem, ddn line, fax, phone, process control signal circuit etc. Jul 17, 2017 modern electrical systems tend to be vulnerable to voltage surges of any kind, so arresters have become more necessary. A simple guide to selection of lightning and surge protection please note that this is a very simple summary and must be read in conjunction with the relevant code sans 101421. It is a very simple line type of diverter and consists of two 1. Zipse, fellow, ieee abstractthe successful 200yearold method of using a franklin rod to collect, control, and convey to earth the awesome and destructive power of lightning. This table documents how well the arrester clamps lightning and switching surges, which is the fundamental purpose of arresters. A tla is applied in parallel with transmission line insulators to prevent insulator back flashover.
Mar 30, 2011 we have a medium voltage power plant,is it possible and safe to install a lightning arrester with an air terminal installed at higher than other air terminal wired insulated direct to the ground well for the reason when lightning strikes it dessipate directly to the ground. The principle lightning arrester types are as under. Basically, lightning is a gigantic spark resulting from the development of millions of volts between clouds or between a cloud and the earth. Each type of electrical equipment has a standard bil rating. Horn gap lightning arrester was the earliest types of lightning arrester. The selection of arrester depends on the various factors like voltage, current, reliability, etc. Surge diverter lightning arrester working lightning.
The distance between two rods depends upon the supply voltage. In addition to these the most commonly used lightning arrester for over voltage protection nowadays gapless zno lightning arrester. A short and simple overview of a lightning arrester for the nontechnical. Hi friends, in this article, i am going to discuss about lightning arrester types and lightning arrester working principle. Lightning arresters are coordinated with standard electrical equipment insulation levels so that they will protect the insulation against lightning over voltages. Each piece of electrical equipment in an electrical system needs to be protected from voltage surges. Pdf application and analysis for surge arrester on. Arresters are connected between the electrical device to be protected and a solid earth ground. Types of lightning arresters there are several type of lightning arrester in general use. Zno gapless lightning arrester or surge arrester electrical4u. Different types of lightning the thunder and lightning of summer storms can be dramatic. Typical lightning arrester has a highvoltage terminal and a ground terminal. Surge voltages various types of surge voltages can occur in electrical and electronic systems. Cap banks and reactors should be checked more closely externally gapped line arrester egla lightning iec lightning durability test for systems 52kv ieee no test test standard iec 600998 is forthcoming for this arrester transmission line 230kv iec class 2,3,4 ieee station lightning and.
How lightning strikes can affect the electrical andor electronic systems of a building. Sep 26, 2018 all lightning arresters are designed to become more conductive when the applied voltage becomes sufficiently high. A wide variety of types of lightning arrester options are available to you, such as rf. Discharge voltage table in every arrester datasheet, you will find a most important table about the discharge voltage of the arrester in question. Difference between surge arrester, lightning arrester and lightning rod. Having both gaps and sic blocks, the arrester height increased to the point where it was difficult to vent the pressure builtup during a fault, which limited the arresters pressure relief rating. To prevent damage to electrical equipment, surge protection considerations are paramount to a welldesigned electrical. One rod is connected to the line circuit and the other rod is connected to earth.
There are several types of lightning arresters in general use. Keywords lightning, lightning arresters, mov, overvoltage, residual voltage. Learn what is the purpose of lightning arrester and why is testing necessary a lightning arrester, surge arrester or line arrester is a device used on electrical power systems and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. Arresterworks, consultants, arrester, arrestor, surge. Lightning safety rules the best shelter from lightning is inside a large enclosed. This handbook on maintenance of lightning arrester. The number of zinc oxide discs used per lightning arrester. There are various types of lightning arrester construction. There are two types of surges one comes externally from atmosphere such as atmospheric lightning.
Today, i will explain the different types of lightning. Pdf comparison of different metal oxide surge arrester models. What is the difference between lightning arrester and surge. Definition of surge arresters surge arresters are used to protect highvoltage equipment in substations, such as transformers, circuit breakers, and bushings, against the effects of overvoltages caused by incoming surges. They consist of series of nonlinear resistor disc and spark gaps. Surge protec on using proper grounding rods and plates and baseline surge arrestors provides the best possible protec on against surge damage due to lightning or other. A lightning arrester alternative spelling lightning arrestor also called lightning diverter is a device used on electric power systems and telecommunication systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The earthing screen and ground wires can well protect the electrical system against direct lightning strokes but they fail to provide protection against travelling waves which may reach the terminal apparatus.
It is connected in shunt between each conductor and earth. Spike lightning arrestor is a metal rod, made of copper and, used as part of lightning safety to protect tall or isolated structures such as the roof of a building or the mast of a vessel from lightning damage. Plus, many positive lightning strikes occur near the edge of the cloud, sometimes as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall. What is the difference between lightning arrester and. Fig shows the various parts of a valve type arrester. A wide variety of types of lightning arrestor options are available to you, such as type, application, and material. This discs are arranged one by one to form a cylindrical stack.
Major types of lamps or bulbs are commonly found in the lighting systems of homes, offices, factories, electrical devices etc. Mar 12, 2020 the main equipment commonly used for this purpose is lightning arrester or surge arrester. Types of lightning lightning facts national weather service. What are the different types of lightning arrester. What are the different types of lights in lighting system. Unit 1 over voltage in electrical power system causes of over. To guarantee the safety of consumers, different product standards offer a method for ensuring a global product standard. A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation. They differ mainly with respect to their duration and. High voltage surge arrester specification applications.
Pe conductor are called longitudinal voltage or asymmetric interference ul. Continued from article complete overview of lightning arresters part 2. A lightning arrester is connected to protect a piece of equipment from lightning and switching surges. Arresterworks surge protection seminar is an indepth course covering the different types of arresters, their design fundamentals and their applications to protect power systems. Lightning arresters catch surges in electrical wiring and divert them to grounding cables, which direct the current into the ground. This coordination is obtained by having an arrester that will discharge at a lower voltage level than the voltage required to. Overvoltages may cause the burning of insulation of substation equipment if not well protected. About 11% of these are power distribution equipment, 69% are other electrical equipment. Lightning arrester is the device used to protect the insulation and conductors from damaging effects of lightning on electrical power systems and telecommunication. It is designated by the maximum permissible value of power frequency voltage which it can support across. Jerry stenger with the virginia climate advisory explains that there is more than one type of types of lightning ball, bead, ribbon, bolbliksem, kugelblitz.
A lightning arrester is the first component in a three step process designed to eliminate damaging voltage spikes from damaging electrical and electronic devices. Rod gap lightning arrester is the simplest form of lightning arrester. This paper presents an overview of how the lightning strikes and their e ects on power distribu. There are several types of ul marks that can be found on lightning protection related equipment. It consist tworod electrodes, one of which is connected to the line and other to earth. There are different types of lights or lamps around, and they all being designed with a conceived image in mind. It consists of two assemblies i series spark gaps and ii nonlinear resistor discs in series. This type of arrester comprises of numbers of solid zinc oxide disc. Use to protect the terminal electronic equipment signal arrester. Dec 11, 2014 types of lightning arresters there are several type of lightning arrester in general use. Selection of arrester simplified selection procedure for a detailed selection guide, please refer to abb publications pthvpa 2300e and pthvpa 2310e.
Lightning and surge protection basic principles 1 introduction rarely does the power of nature strike an observer more forcibly than the sight for the first time of a tropical thunderstorm in full. The most common surge arresters are nonlinear metal oxide resistors type in aporcelain or silicone rubber housing, and are fitted in parallel with the object protected and connected to the earth grid. This article introduces in such aspects as the working principle of line surge arrester and effect of lightning protection, and also explores application for lightning arrester of distribution. Lightning is one of the most serious causes of overvoltages.
Oct 04, 2017 horn gap lightning arrester was the earliest types of lightning arrester. Such type of equipment is also used for protecting transmitters feeding a mast radiator. Spd surge protective device this is also a surge diverter, but generally for voltages well below volts. The most common surge arresters are nonlinear metal oxide resistors type in aporcelain or silicone rubber housing, and are fitted in parallel with the object. This paper presents an overview of how the lightning. The function of the surge arrester is to allow the discharge of any dangerous overvoltage before it can do damage and then to restore the line to. This arrester type is more applicable in high powered electrical systems. History of lightning protection system design in tactical sstems many older communication systems do not have lightning protection incorporated into their design.
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